人類主體、認同與自我的理論 ![]()
Politics of Identities:
Theories of
Human Subjects, Selves and Identities
| 課程介紹 | 進度與閱讀材料 | 一般參考書 |
★ 授課教師:王志弘 ★ 時間:每週四14:00-17:00
「認同政治」是當前社會運動與基進學界所關切的核心議題,我們也正面臨一個自我意識高漲,但認同邊界鬆動、主體位置不確定的時代處境。各種社會運動必然涵括認同政治的部份,以廓清主體位置、建立認同作為召喚手段及運動目標。不論是勞工運動、國族運動、女權運動、同志運動或少數族裔爭取權利運動、社區運動和都市社會運動,都在過程中經歷釐清運動成員之主體處境,塑造新的自我感受,乃至於爭辯認同邊界的議題。即使生態保育運動,也涉及了人類主體與自然界之關係的重新界定。此外,位居主流的社會群體,在回應與對抗挑戰其既得利益的新社會勢力時,亦常訴諸認同政治。
另一方面,各種新的社會與科技趨勢,例如生化醫學技術、電腦資訊科技,身體裝扮、整型與保健的風潮,以及種種跨越既定社會認同界限的現象,亦指出了「自我、主體與認同」的問題叢,是我們不能不認真對待的課題。學界反映社會的變動,提出了認同、自我與主體的各種新觀點。新概念的提出(例如去中心之主體觀,或是認同的建構論),也讓我們思索和反省從社會集體到個人生活的各種既定的、僵化的自我與認同觀念,從而想像新的可能性。據此,本課程將課程安排區分為四大部分,特別強調由西方的人性論、自我哲學與心靈哲學出發,將認同與主體的課題安放其間,以釐析當代認同政治背後的倫理關懷與哲思淵源:
(三)探索影響認同政治的新趨勢與新議題︰國家與個人的新關係、新家庭關係、扮裝與變性、混血雜種、全球化、科技(生化科技與資訊科技)、生態論等。
(四)實例分析:每週援用日常生活與台灣的實例,藉以了解自我與認同問題的複雜性,以及理論概念的適用情形。
2.Sarup, Madan. (1996). Identity, Culture and the Postmodern World. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
3.Hall, Stuart, & Paul du Gay (eds.). (1996). Questions of Cultural Identity. London: Sage.
4.Craib, Ian. (1998). Experiencing Identity. London: Sage.
★ 評分依據:文獻評論佔15%,自我認同傳記佔20%,期末報告佔35%,平時表現(出席、討論與口頭報告)佔30%。
★ 上課方式:採取講演和討論課(seminar)並行的方式,除了由教師提示重點和引導討論外,主要由參與者報告研讀文章,每篇文章報告時間控制在三十分鐘內,盡量留時間討論。
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| 第十五講 | 第十六講 | 第十七講 |
第一部份 奠立基礎
□討論材料:認同污名論。
第三講 認同理論與認同政治快覽(一)
□討論材料:隨堂發給。
第四講 認同理論與認同政治快覽(二)
□討論材料:隨堂發給。
第二部份 人、自我、主體與認同諸理論
2.杜小真,(1994),〈對他人的慾望——整體與無限〉,《勒維納斯》(頁40-58),台北:遠流。
2.Heidegger, Martin. (1990),《存有與時間》(王慶節、陳嘉映譯),台北:桂冠。(閱讀:第一篇第四章〈在世作為共在與自己存在。「常人」〉,頁161-183。)
□討論材料:隨堂發給。
第七講 現象學社會學、象徵互動論與互為主體的觀念2.Cooley, Charles, Horton. (1993),《人類本性與社會秩序》(包凡一、王湲譯),台北:桂冠。(原書Human Nature and the Social Order出版於1902年)(閱讀:第五章〈社會自我:「我」的意義〉,頁123-155。)
3.Schutz, Alfred. (1967). The Phenomenology of the Social World (George Walsh & Frederick Lehnert trans.). London: Heimann Educational Books. (Original work published 1932) (盧嵐蘭譯,(1991),《社會世界的現象學》,台北:桂冠。)(閱讀:第三章〈互為主體之瞭解的理論基礎〉,頁115-161。)
4.Crossley, Nick. (1996). "Dimensions of intersubjectivity", in Intersubjectivity: The Fabric of Social Becoming (pp. 1-23). London: Sage.
2.Schutz, Alfred. (1992),《舒茲論文集(第一冊)》(盧嵐蘭譯),台北:桂冠。(閱讀:第七章〈謝勒的互為主體性理論以及他我的一般性主題〉,頁175-206,及第八章〈沙特的他我理論〉,頁207-231。)
3.Crossley, Nick. (1996). "Subjectivity, alterity and between: on radical intersubjectivity", in Intersubjectivity: The Fabric of Social Becoming (pp. 24-48). London: Sage.
□討論材料:隨堂發給。
第八講 馬克思主義的人與社會關係論:勞動、異化與意識形態
2.Marx, Carl. (1972),〈關於費爾巴哈的提綱〉,《馬克思恩格斯選集》(頁16-19),北京:人民出版社。
3.Gramsci, Antonio. (1988),《獄中札記》(頁33-46),台北:谷風出版社。
2.Lacan, Jacques. (1977). "The mirror stage as formative of the function of the I as revealed in psychoanalytic experience", in ?crits (Alan Sheridan trans.) (pp. 1-7). London: Tavistock Publications. (Original work published 1966)
3.Grosz, Elizabeth. (1990). "The ego and the imaginary", in Jacques Lacan: A Feminist Introduction (pp. 24-49). London: Routledge.
2.von Franz, M.-L. (1999),〈個體化過程〉,收於Carl G. Jung主編《人及其象徵》(龔卓軍譯)(頁185-285),台北:立緒。
3.Phares, E. Jerry. (1994),《人格心理學》(Introduction to Personality, 3rd)(林淑梨、王若蘭、黃慧真譯),台北:心理出版社。(Original work published 1991)
4.Hamilton, N. Gregory. (1999),《人我之間︰客體關係理論實務》(Self and Others: Object Relations Theory in Practice)(楊添圍、周仁宇譯),台北:心理出版社。(Original work published 1990)
□討論材料:隨堂發給。
第十講 主體建構論:敘事與論述中的主體;社會建構論;傅柯論自我技術2.Burr, Vivien. (1995). "What does it mean to be a person?", in An Introduction to Social Constructionism (pp. 113-158). London: Routledge.
3.Bakhurst, David, & Christine Sypnowich. (1995). "Introduction: problems of the social self", in David Bakhurst & Christine Sypnowich (eds.), The Social Self (pp. 1-17). London: Sage.
4.Foucault, Michel (1988). "Technologies of the self", in Luther H. Martin, Huck Gutman, & Patrick H. Hutton (eds.), Technologies of the Self: A Seminar with Michel Foucault (pp. 16-49). Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press.
2.Levine, George. (1992). "Introduction: constructivism and the re-emergent self", in George Levine (ed.), Constructions of the Self (pp. 1-13). New Brunswick, NJ.: Rutgers University Press.
3.Howe, Irving. (1992). "The self in literature", in George Levine (ed.), Constructions of the Self (pp. 249-267). New Brunswick, NJ.: Rutgers University Press.
4.Smith, Paul. (1988). "Preface", in Discerning the Subject (pp. xxvii-xxxv). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
5.Barthes, Roland. (1993). "Authors and Writers", in Susan Sontag (ed.), A Roland Barthes Reader (pp. 185-193). London: Vintage.
6.Barthes, Roland. (1989). "The Death of the Author", in The Rustle of Language (Richard Howard trans.) (pp. 49-55). Berkeley: University of California Press. (Original work published 1984)
□討論材料:隨堂發給。
第十一講 後結構與後現代之去中心、多重、分裂與片斷的主體和自我認同
2.Dean, Carolyn J. (1992). "Introduction" & "Conclusion", in The Self and Its Pleasures: Bataille, Lacan, and the History of the Decentered Subject (pp. 1-10 & pp. 246-251). Ithaca, NY.: Cornell University Press.
3.Lash, Scott, & Jonathan Friedman (1992). "Introduction: subjectivity and modernity's Other", in Lash, Scott, & Jonathan Friedman (eds.), Modernity and Identity (pp. 1-30). Oxford: Blackwell.
2.Hans, James S. (1995). "Introduction: heavy construction", in The Site of Our Lives: The Self and the Subject from Emerson to Foucault (pp. 1-37). Albany, NY.: State University of New York.
2.Allen, Douglas. (1997). "Social constructions of self: some Asian, Marxist, and feminist critiques of dominant Western views of self", in Douglas Allen (ed.), Culture and Self: Philosophical and Religious Perspectives, East and West (pp. 3-26). Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
2.呂理政,(1990),〈人:人體宇宙及其均衡和諧〉,《天、人、社會︰試論中國傳統的宇宙認知模型》(頁145-165),台北︰中央研究院民族學研究所。
3.Massella, Anthony J. et al. (1990),《文化與自我︰東西方人的透視》(任鷹等譯),台北︰遠流。
□討論材料:中台禪寺女眾出家風波。
第三部份 認同政治的當前時勢與課題
第十三講 女性主義主體論的批判與爭辯:性別的認同政治學
2.Fuss, Diana. (1989). "The 'risk' of essence", in Essentially Speaking: Feminism, Nature & Difference (pp. 1-21). New York: Routledge.
3.Fuss, Diana. (1989). "Essentialism in the classroom", in Essentially Speaking: Feminism, Nature & Difference (pp. 113-119). New York: Routledge.
4.Fuss, Diana. (1995). "Introduction: figuring identification", in Identification Papers (pp. 1-19). New York: Routledge.
2.Fuss, Diana. (1995). "Interior colonies: Frantz Fanon and the politics of identification", in Identification Papers (pp. 141-172). New York: Routledge.
2.張小虹,(1996),〈越界認同:擬仿/學舌/假仙的論述危機〉,《慾望新地圖:性別.同志學》(頁158-200),台北:聯合文學。
3.Butler, Judith. (1990). "Subjects of sex/gender/desire", in Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (pp. 1-34). New York: Routledge.
4.Burkitt, Ian. (1999). "Introduction", in Bodies of Thought: Embodiment, Identity & Modernity (pp. 1-6). London: Sage.
2.Butler, Judith. (1993). "Critically Queer", in Bodies that Matter: On the Discursive Limits of "Sex" (pp. 223-242). New York: Routledge.
3.Davis, Kathy (1995) Reshaping the Female Body: The Dilemma of Cosmetic Surgery. New York: Routledge.(中譯︰張君玫譯(1997)《重塑女體︰美容手術的兩難》。台北︰巨流。)(閱讀:第四章〈從物化的身體到體現的主體〉,頁125-152。)
□討論材料:隨堂發給。
第十五講 全球化與地域化:空間的認同政治學;後殖民與國族認同
2.Featherstone, Mike. (1995). "Localism, globalism and cultural identity", in Undoing Culture: Globalization, Postmodernism and Identity (pp. 102-125). London: Sage.
3.Loomba, Ania. (1998). "Colonial and postcolonial identities", in Colonialism/ Postcolonialism (pp. 104-183). London: Routledge.
2.Heatheringtom, Kevin. (1998). "Space for the occasion: embodiment and the performance of identity", in Expressions of Identity: Space, Performance, Politics (pp. 141-156). London: Sage.
3.Pile, Steve & Nigel Thrift. (1995). "Mapping the subject", in Steve Pile & Nigel Thrift (eds.), Mapping the Subject: Geographies of Cultural Transformation (pp. 13-51). London: Routledge.
4.Friedman, Jonathan. (1994). "History and the politics of identity", in Cultural Identity and Global Process (pp. 117-146). London: Sage.
5.Bhabha, Homi. (1993). " Remembering Fanon: self, psyche and the colonial condition", in Patrick Williams & Laura (eds.), Colonial Discourse and Post-colonial Theory: A Reader (pp. 112-123). New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
□討論材料:隨堂發給。
第十六講 科技介入與人機合體:混血雜種的認同政治學2.Donath, Judith S. (1999). "Identity and deception in the virtual community", in Marc A. Smith & Peter Kollock (eds.), Communities in Cyberspace (pp. 29-59). London: Routledge.
2.Giddens, Anthony. (1991). "The self: ontological security and existential anxiety", in Modernity and Self-identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age (pp. 35-69). Cambridge: Polity Press.
2.Giddens, Anthony. (1991). "Tribulations of the self", in Modernity and Self-identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age (pp. 181-208). Cambridge: Polity Press.
□討論材料:隨堂發給。
註 :中文文獻依作者漢語拼音順序排列。
杜小真,(1989),《一個絕望者的希望——沙特引論》,台北:桂冠。
杜小真,(1994),《勒維納斯》,台北:遠流。
馮翰士、廖炳惠編,(1998),《文學、認同、主體性》,台北:中華民國比較文學學會。
黃應貴編,(1993),《人觀、意義與社會》,台北︰中央研究院民族學研究所。
機器戰警,(1991),《台灣的新反對運動》。台北:唐山。
〈記憶、書寫與主體建構〉專輯,(1996),《中外文學》第廿五卷第五期。
簡瑛瑛編,(1997),《認同、差異、主體性:從女性主義到後殖民文化想像》,台北:立緒。
林鎮國,(1999),《空性與現代性》,台北:立緒。
盧建榮,(1999),《分裂的國族認同,1975-1997》,台北:麥田。
呂理政,(1990),《天、人、社會︰試論中國傳統的宇宙認知模型》,台北︰中央研究院民族學研究所。
張京媛編(1995),《後殖民理論與文化認同》,台北:麥田。
張小虹,(1995),《性別越界:女性主義文學理論與批評》,台北:聯合文學。
張小虹,(1996),《慾望新地圖:性別.同志學》,台北:聯合文學。
Allen, Douglas (ed.). (1997). Culture and Self: Philosophical and Religious Perspectives, East and West. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
Bakhurst, David, & Christine Sypnowich (eds.). (1995). The Social Self. London: Sage.
Buber, Martin. (1958). I and Thou (2nd ed.) (Ronald Gregor Smith trans.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. (Original work published 1923)(陳維剛譯,(1991),《我與你》,台北:桂冠。
Burkitt, Ian. (1999). Bodies of Thought: Embodiment, Identity & Modernity. London: Sage.
Butler, Judith. (1990). Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge.
Butler, Judith. (1993). Bodies that Matter: On the Discursive Limits of "Sex". New York: Routledge.
Burr, Vivien. (1995). An Introduction to Social Constructionism. London: Routledge.
Cadava, Eduardo, Peter Connor, & Jean-Luc Nancy (eds.). (1991). Who Comes after the Subject? New York: Routledge.
Callinicos, Alex. (1987). Making History: Agency, Structure and Change in Social Theory. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Carter, Erica, James Donald and Judith Squires (eds.). (1993). Space and Place: Theories of Identity and Location. London: Lawrence and Wishart.
Conley, Verena Andermatt. (1997). Ecopolitics: The Environment in Poststructuralist Thought. London: Routledge.
Cooley, Charles, Horton. (1993),《人類本性與社會秩序》(包凡一、王湲譯),台北:桂冠。(原書Human Nature and the Social Order出版於1902年)
Copjec, Joan (ed.). (1994). Supposing the Subject. London: Verso.
Craib, Ian. (1998). Experiencing Identity. London: Sage.
Crossley, Nick. (1996). Intersubjectivity: The Fabric of Social Becoming. London: Sage.
Dean, Carolyn J. (1992). The Self and Its Pleasures: Bataille, Lacan, and the History of the Decentered Subject. Ithaca, NY.: Cornell University Press.
Elliott, Anthony. (1994). Psychoanalytic Theory: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell.
Elliott, Anthony. (1996). Subjects to Ourselves: Social Theory, Psychoanalysis and Postmodernity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Featherstone, Mike. (1995). Undoing Culture: Globalization, Postmodernism and Identity. London: Sage.
Fuss, Diana. (1995). Identification Papers. New York: Routledge.
Fyfe, Nicholas R. (ed.). (1998). Images of the Street: Planning, Identity and Control in Public Space. London: Routledge.
Giddens, Anthony. (1991). Modernity and Self-identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Glass, James M. (1993). Shattered Selves: Multiple Personality in a Postmodern World. Ithaca, NY.: Cornell University Press.
Goffman, Erving. (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Anchor Books.(徐江敏、李姚軍譯,(1992),《日常生活中的自我表演》。台北:桂冠。)
Grosz, Elizabeth. (1990). Jacques Lacan: A Feminist Introduction. London: Routledge.
Hall, Stuart, & Paul du Gay (eds.). (1996). Questions of Cultural Identity. London: Sage.
Hans, James S. (1995). The Site of Our Lives: The Self and the Subject from Emerson to Foucault. Albany, NY.: State University of New York.
Haraway, Donna J. (1991). Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. New York: Routledge.
Heatheringtom, Kevin. (1998). Expressions of Identity: Space, Performance, Politics. London: Sage.
Holland, Ray. (1977). Self and Social Context. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Jenkins, Richard. (1996). Social Identity. London: Routledge.
Keith, Michael, & Steve Pile (eds.). (1993). Place and the Politics of Identity. London: Routledge.
Lacan, Jacques. (1977). ?crits (Alan Sheridan trans.). London: Tavistock Publications. (Original work published 1966)
Lash, Scott, & Jonathan Friedman (eds.). (1992). Modernity and Identity. Oxford: Blackwell.
Levine, George (ed.). (1992). Constructions of the Self. New Brunswick, NJ.: Rutgers University Press.
Martin, Luther H., Huck Gutman, & Patrick H. Hutton (eds.). (1988). Technologies of the Self: A Seminar with Michel Foucault. Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press.
McDowell, Linda. (1999). Gender, Identity and Place: Understanding Feminist Geographies. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Mead, George Herbert. (1934). Mind, Self and Society: From the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (胡榮、王小章譯,(1995),《心靈、自我與社會》,台北:桂冠。)
Meyer, Birgit & Peter Geschiere (eds.). (1999). Globalization and Identity: Dialectics of Flow and Closure. Oxford: Blackwell.
Miller, Toby. (1993). The Well-Tempered Self: Citizenship, Culture, and the Postmodern Subject. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Morley, David & Kevin Robins (eds.). (1995). Spaces of Identity: Global Media, Electronic Landscapes and Cultural Boundaries. London: Routledge.
Pile, Steve & Nigel Thrift (eds.). (1995). Mapping the Subject: Geographies of Cultural Transformation. London: Routledge.
Pile, Steve. (1996). The Body and the City: Psychoanalysis, Space and Subjectivity. London: Routledge.
Probyn, Elspeth. (1996). Outside Belongings. New York: Routledge.
Robinson, Daniel (ed.). (1998). The Mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sarup, Madan. (1996). Identity, Culture and the Postmodern World. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Schutz, Alfred. (1967). The Phenomenology of the Social World (George Walsh & Frederick Lehnert trans.). London: Heimann Educational Books. (Original work published 1932) (盧嵐蘭譯,(1991),《社會世界的現象學》,台北:桂冠。)
Schutz, Alfred. (1992),《舒茲論文集(第一冊)》(盧嵐蘭譯),台北:桂冠。
Sibley, David. (1995). Geographies of Exclusion: Society and Difference in the West. London: Routledge.
Smart, Barry. (1999). Facing Modernity: Ambivalence, Reflexivity and Morality. London: Sage.
Smith, Marc A., & Peter Kollock (eds.). (1999). Communities in Cyberspace. London: Routledge.
Smith, Paul. (1988). Discerning the Subject. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Smith, Sidonie. (1993). Subjectivity, Identity, and the Body: Women's Autobiographical Practices in the Twentieth Century. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
St. Clair, Michael. (1986). Object Relations and Self Psychology: An Introduction. Monterey, Ca.: Brooks/Cole.
Stevenson, Leslie, & David L. Haberman. (1998) Ten Theories of Human Nature (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
Trinh, T. Minh-ha. (1989). Woman, Native, Other: Writing Postcoloniality and Feminism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Turkle, Sherry. (1998),《虛擬化身——網路世代的身分認同》(Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet)(譚天、吳佳真譯),台北:遠流。(Original work published 1996)
Zizek, Slavoj. (1989). The Sublime Object of Ideology. London: Verso.
